Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain

Since this is my second all time favorite book (after To Kill A Mockingbird), I am excited to be re-reading it from a language point of view. As we post comments, remember that your audience is world wide since this blog is not password protected. Use your best grammar and traditional spelling so everyone can easily follow your comments. OK?
Having said all that, how does Twain establish the innocent voice of Huck? What techniques does he use? (we can talk later about the advatantage of having an "innocent" narrator)
Tom Sawyer and his band of robbers are indicative of at least two things: it reveals the boyish, carefree nature of Tom and Huck. It also is a dig by Twain to make fun of all the romantic novels that were being published. Romantic novel, in this sense, does not have anything to do with love. It has more to do with being the opposite of realistic. . . the realities in a romance are softened, nothing truly bad happens to the characters. They also do not behave in a manner consistent with real life. They have been "romanticized." You will see other examples of Twain's opinion of romanticism this later in the book.

Comments

Mallory Goolsby said…
Gotta love getting a headstart... Twain establishes the innocent voice of Huck by using a simplistic, uneducated syntax and diction. His choice of words makes it much easier to picture a young, rural boy just out to have a good time. I really enjoy the way he pokes fun at the "romantic" novels of the times. It makes the story line much more believeable and realistic. I hope this is okay for a first post, Mrs. Colley!!!
Jessica Samples said…
Twain uses a variety of syntax and diction when it comes to each particaular character. Tom Saywer is far more educated than Huck and you can tell this by the diction. I don't understand how he is poking fun at the romantic novels. Can anyone explain that to me?
Mallory Goolsby said…
Like Mrs. Colley said, romantic in this sense does not have anything to do with love. It just means that the characters are "romanticised" or unrealistic. He is poking fun at the novels by the way that he has Tom and Huck and his gang acting. They act like real boys do-- coming up with wild schemes, doing outrageous things (such as attacking the "A-rabs" and "Spaniards" at the Sunday school party), making the whole story more believable. I hope this helped Jessica!
Mrs. Colley said…
Try to give specifics when you mention diction. For example, you can tell that Huck is uneducated when he "makes his mark" on the oath that the boys take. he also mispronounces words and misunderstands Biblical stories. Romantic novels were popular during Twain's life: however, he thought they were ridiculous. He was especially critical of James Fenimore Cooper who wrote Last of the Mohicans (did you see themovie?). Tom Sawyer mentions the book Don Quixote which is about a guy "chasing windmills." The plot makes life and love seem casual and fun---chasing your dreams is wonderful because life is presented with few real problems. It's like a musical without the music. Twain has the boys create their ridiculous robber gang with all their ridiculous rules (I laugh at the part where Huck offers Miss Watson for the boys to kill so he can stay part of the group). I'm not sure what you mean by "they act like real boys do." I don't know any boys that swear to rob and kill people, sneak out of the house all night, go prowling unharmed in dark caves, and terrorize Sunday School children with impunity. I do think that life in the fictional St. Petersburg was much simpler than life is today.
Margaret Dillingham said…
Mark Twain uses many examples of syntax and diction through out the first several chapters. Huck is not very educated at all as you can see in examples such as "I set down again." Mrs.Colley I also laughed at the part he offers up Miss.Watson so he can stay in the group. I noticed the examples of the Don Quixote book, using the A-rabs and Spaniards, and making fun of the romantic novel books. I wasn't quite sure why he made fun of them but I thought it was to show his input of his opinion of how ridiculous romantic novels were at that time.
Mrs. Colley said…
Did you notice how many different ways that Huck describes Pap beating him? He describes it as: a "hiding," a "tanning," "take you down a peg," "lay for you," "lick me," "thrash," "cowhiding," and "handy with his hick'ry." No wonder Judge Thatcher tried to gain custody of Huck! Also, have you noticed when Huck describes himself using the term "lonesome"? What is the difference between being lonely, being alone, and being lonesome? (Is there a difference?)
Meg said…
Being alone and being lonesome, I feel, can be two different connotations. When you are alone you don't have anyone with you. But being lonesome can be the feeling of Being alone but wanting something or someone. Maybe huck feels lonesome because he wants others to feel the way he does. He wants his father to love him and a reAl mother. That is why he pursues the river because no one has to know how he feels. He is comfortable there?.
Meg said…
Being alone and being lonesome, I feel, can be two different connotations. When you are alone you don't have anyone with you. But being lonesome can be the feeling of Being alone but wanting something or someone. Maybe huck feels lonesome because he wants others to feel the way he does. He wants his father to love him and a reAl mother. That is why he pursues the river because no one has to know how he feels. He is comfortable there?.
Jessica Samples said…
I agree with Meg about being alone and being lonesome. I think that when you are lonesome,yes you are alone,but you want someone to be there with you. The river acts as a safe haven for Huck. It's a place where he can let his emotions run free and not have to worry about other people judging him and such.
Amanda Brown said…
Twain writes as if he was Huck, with poor grammar and a child like tone. Although it is harder to read, it helps the reader get a feel for the character, and allows them to know them better. He also uses a lot of dialect. This creates the scene to be more interesting and real, like it's actually happening.
Mrs. Colley said…
Some good comments--but try to give specific examples of what you are talking about. For example, where do you get the idea that Huck wants a mother? What line(s) make you think Huck wants his father to love him? Is your discussion about "lonesome" based on when Huck uses the word? What specifically makes you think that Huck can "let his emotions run free and not have to worry about other people judging him and such"? Try to zero in on Twain's use of language. Try to cite specific examples from the text to support your observations. Margaret's example of "set" vs. "sit" is a good example of Huck's lack of formal education. But just about everyone else in the book uses poor grammar, too. I love "hain't" and "warn't."
Leslie said…
I've noticed how Twain uses satire, he displays his contempt towards the government when Huck is describing kings and royalty to Jim. He makes fun of them by saying they do absolutly nothing and get paid $1000 a month for it, mess with parliament just to pass time, and chop off people's heads. He also makes fun of the French language calling it jabber and mocking it saying "pollyvoo fransey".
Margaret Dillingham said…
The part in the book when Huck's father goes on a rant about the government whenever he is drunk clearly shows his opinion of what Twain feels, "Here's a govment that calls itself a govment, and lets on to be a govment, and thinks it is a govment." another example being "Call this a govment! why, just look at it and see what it's like." The first example demonstrates parallelism. I believe you can tell Huck wants a mother by how he doesn't mind living with the widow.
Mallory Goolsby said…
I feel that Twain's disdain for the government is made very clear in many things that his characters say and do. Huck mocks the European forms of governments like Leslie said and mocking the language. Also, his father goes on a tangent about how their government isn't a real government and only masquerades as one.
Mallory Goolsby said…
Wow, sorry about the gramatical errors in that last post! It should have said "Huck mocks the European forms of governments like Leslie said and mocks the French language."
Jessica Kaitlyn said…
I first off have to say I love Mark Twain's writing. I love how he is able to write a character and give it distinct human personalities and qualities. For instance, Huck, he's an uneducated, knows what to say, boy. Mark Twain shows us the uneducated with misspelled words such as "warn't" like Huck would mistakenly say aloud, and he then notifies Huck as a little boy by using run-on sentences to show how he runs out of breath when talking. Finally, he shows us how Huck's good with words by using stories of what he goes through and how he wiggles himself out. Mark Twain does this with all his characters... Jim, the duke, the king, Huck's dad, even little characters such as the woman who knew Huck wasn't a girl...
Selina Jenkins said…
I've read this book once before, but I didn't notice all the rhetorical devices that twain uses. It’s amazing how Twain uses so many different types of dialogue for every character. They all have their own style. I found it humorous when the boys wanted to rob and murder people, but thought “it would be wicked to do it on Sunday”. This pokes fun at all the ’so-called’ religious people. People who set aside Sunday as the Lords day, but do what they want every other day of the week.
Brooke E. said…
I really love this book so far. Although I've had trouble trying to narrow down what to commment on. There is so many rhetorical devices that are constantly used, that it is hard to keep track of everything.

I find it interesting that Twain incorperates the occult/superstitons in the characters belifs. Jim says got a pentagram charm from the devil and Huck tied a lock of his hair to keep the witches away. Things like that, I think were kind of odd to talk openly about in a novel.
Unknown said…
I never noticed it before but Twain uses many rhetorical devices in writing this book. He uses a variety of different diction for each character that is presented. He is also very descriptive with details about the places he arrives at which draws you in. I enjoy the way he pokes fun at the romantic novels by using words such as A-rabs. Twain is being critical of them in an indirect way. Huck being quite uneducated adds as a bit of humor and a new dialect to us readers, and it enforces how different life was back then.
Mrs. Colley said…
Has anyone looked up these terms? bildungsroman, picaresque, litotes, colloquialism, synecdoche? Have you found examples for question #8 about Huck's grammar? It's much easier to note these things as you read than after you read. Just a suggestion. A strong suggestion.
Dylan Deming said…
Twain makes the innocent voice of Huck very obvious using specific simple and uneducated diction. Also be noticing huck and tom's call to eachother. A cats meow. Only young innocent kids would use a cats meow
Dylan Deming said…
I think there is a big difference between being alone, lonesome and, lonely. Being alone you just haave noone there with you. But when lonesome you are alone and want someone to be with you. When lonely you can have people all around you but are still lonely. When lonely you feel alone even with people around and you feel like you dont connect with the people around you
Samantha Pietrzak said…
I really like this book so far, but it is taking me a while to read it. First, i noticed the obvious diction. I don't think i'm going to evaluate much on that since everyone else has. One thing i noticed is that they say "i judged" a lot. I don't know if it's a rhetorical device, or just a common phrase they used back then. Also i was just wondering why Huckleberry Finn talks more clear when he is not talking in dialogue?
Mrs. Colley said…
OOh, Sam! What good observations! The "I judged" thing sounds like a colloquialism of the day, sort of like "I reckon" or "I guess" is today. Although, of course, the word "judge" itself carries certain connotations with it. I think I know what you mean about the difference in Huck's voice when he is narrating and when there is dialogue in the book. It is harder to follow the dialogue since it is much more phonetic; I've never thought about why. Maybe Twain didn't want us to work so hard all the time as we read? I've read a lot about Twain's deliberate decisions in word choices (we'll go over some next week), so I know it was a deliberate choice on his part. I know that my pronounciation of words would be written differently if I wrote it phonetically. I might write "I'm going" but I would say "I'm gonna."
Taylor said…
One thing I noticed was that Twain used symbolism towards the river. He showed how the river brought freedom for Huck and Jim. I love how just about everything Huck does, Jim has a story behind how it is bad luck, for example touching the snake skin with his bare hands. Twain throws in a number of ironic twists at Huck.
Leslie said…
When Huck and Buck are talking about the Shepardson/Grangerford feud I noticed a few of Twain's rhetoric methods. Buck tells Huck about a Shepardson named Baldy who whose white hair was "a-flying in the wind". Obviously that doesn't make sense, but I think maybe Twain included that seemingly useless information to show how senseless the feud was since neither side even knew what they were fighting for. Also, when Buck was talking about cowards and he said they "don't breed any of that kind." "Kind" was in italics to set the word apart and show how disgusted Buck is by these cowards. It was ironic that the Shepardsons and the Grangerfords go to the same church,although maybe in that day they only had one church in the area, and the sermon was on brotherly love. Neither of those families are showing brotherly love to the other, yet it said everyone enjoyed that sermon and agreed that it was a good one. And I know this doesn't mean anything, but I just thought it was weird how the names Huck and Buck rhyme.
Samantha Pietrzak said…
I thought that the reason why huckleberry Finn talked more clear when he was not speaking in dialogue so we could read it better, i just wasn't sure. I also noticed what leslie said. I thought it was ironic also, when everyone thought it was a good sermon but they didn't acually apply it to their lives. I didn't really think about the names rhyming though, that is weird.
Selina Jenkins said…
I also noticed that Huck talks more clearly when he’s narrating rather than speaking in dialogue, but I wasn’t sure why. It makes sense that Twain wanted to give the reader a break. It also seems like doing this splits the book up which allows the reader to follow it and understand it better. I also noticed many colloquialisms. Twain states “I waren’t”, “I reckon”, and “I judged”. “By and By” is also repeated throughout the book.
Dylan Deming said…
I still dont quite understand the whole poking fun at romantic novels. Anyone wanna help me out?
Jessica Kaitlyn said…
When reading Huckleberry Finn, what Mrs. Colley said about the river and shore stuck in my mind. She told us that when they stayed on the river everything was fine, but when they went ashore chaos errupted. She mentioned we would notice this with the King and Duke. She was right, I did notice. Before the Duke and King came along everything seemed alright for Huck and Jim as they stayed the course, but as soon as the King and Duke came they persudaded Huck to come ashore and tamper in their nonsense business. For example, trying to con the orphan girls... It just makes me think of something I was once taught... stay on the right path doing what is right and things will be blessed and good, but start to swerve onto another path off shore and lose focus on what is right, nothing good will come. For nothing wrong is ever honored. I saw that proved with Huck Finn and all the things he got into.
Jessica Kaitlyn said…
I believe there was an underlying message of good versus evil. The battle was choices. Huck Finn was given the choice many times to chose one or the other. Everytime he chose to do wrong, he seemed to regret it. He tried to ditch the King and Duke to keep from trouble. In another way, if you look at any of the bad characters in the book, in the end none prospered. Huck's dad didn't, the King didn't, the duke didn't, none that I am aware of. But the ones who did good and heart was good in the end came out on top. Also when it came to all the lying, Twain showed how it just entangles. Everytime Huck got stuck in a lie he would say, "I was up a stump" which meant he knew he was in hot water. The King after trying to swindle the orphans was caught after trying to lie about a tattoo. In the end, only those with good hearts seemed to prosper...
Mrs. Colley said…
Has anybody tried to answer any of the items on the guiding questions sheet from teacherweb.com???? Remember, our discussion needs to focus on language, not literature. Forget about interpreting the book or symbolism in it or stuff like that. Forget about the things you don't understand like romantic novels. Spark notes will help you understand the plot, but will not help much in analyzing the language of the book. Try to focus on the language aspect anyhow. . .think about HOW Twain writes and for what PURPOSE. You will have to go beyond following the plot. For example, Jessica mentioned in her post about how the book is linear (north to south, river to shore). That is a language issue. . did you also notice how little Jim is involved in what happens onshore? Many critics say this is a failure of Twain's writing. He conveniently has Jim remain on the raft while Huck has all the adventures on land. Do you see any reason for this other than that Twain didn't know how to work Jim into the plot (like the feud or the Royal Nonesuch or the Willkes episodes)?
Amanda Brown said…
This book can be described as picaresque because it is a fictional novel of the adventures of someone of a low social class, and it is described in satirical, and realistic but humurous detail. As for the the ending of the book, I didn't find it dissapointing just because I always like a happy ending. However i can see why critics might see it that way. throughout the entire book there was problem after problem, just when you thought everything was going along smoothly, another conflict arose. So at the end when Huck and Tom went through all that trouble to free Jim and it didn't even work out the right way, and then he was free anyways and everything just came together so nicely, I can see where it might leave you hanging, but I like it that way.
Margaret Dillingham said…
To elaborate more on my last post, I believe you can also tell that Huck wants a mother because of the fact how he feels proud of his good deed when he has the watchmen take his ferry to help and thinks the Widow Douglas would have approved of him helping the robbers because she often takes an interest in “rapscallions and dead beats.” Huck also appears to like settling in with the Grangerfords and enjoying their hospitality, Huck thinks that “nothing couldn’t be better” than life at the comfortable house. This shows even though Huck loves the adventure life he is quite contempt with "home life" too. In the beginning of chapter 18 Twain states "Col. Grangerford was a gentlemen, you see. He was a gentlemen all over; and so was his family." This is to show how Huck admires Col.Grangerford and his respectful family. An example of irony in chapter 18 is that the two families in the feud "hold a rifle between their knees while the minister preaches about brotherly love".
Margaret Dillingham said…
I can see another reason why Twain would conviently leave Jim on the raft while Huck went and had all the adventures on land. Jim did not like to be in harms way or put his own life in danger or have the opportunity to be seen because he was a runaway slave.
Selina Jenkins said…
I found the Shepardson / Grangerford feud quite ironic. I mean they go to the same church and both say the sermon, preached on brotherly love, was good, but then they just go on living their lives the way they want to not applying the sermon to their lives at all?!?
Kaitie said…
In addition to all of the syntax and grammar comments, I have found that Twain uses parallelism when describing something. One example of this is when he describes his father and the color of his face he says "a white..." before each of his examples. I also noticed that he uses colloquialisms (as Sam said) from the past. The one that I found to be most interesting was that throughout the book the characters will say Thinks I or Says I before their statement instead of after like we do now.
Kaitie said…
I also noticed a mocking of the government throughout this whole novel. However, I took it as satirizing people of the old south and their views on parliament or any other type of "govement" rather than the government itself.
Dylan Deming said…
i notice that twain uses the phrase "by and by" thoughout the story. I dont know if this is repition or if this phrase was actually this common in the time period that this story was wrote.

Also i noticed how twain mocks the government thoughout the story so im guessing twain wasnt very supportive of the government at the time he wrote this story.
Bri Manning said…
What is most apparent to me in the book is the very distinguished difference in Huck's and Jim's level of literacy and diction. We find it difficult to understand Huck at times, mostly because he uses "warn't" and double negatives. Then Jim enters, a slave with no supposed education, and he creates an entirely new reading comprehension pace. He's 50 times worse than Huck as far as understanding him.

And, although it has been mentioned, one of the most significant things I've concentrated on is the rhetorical relationship between Huck and his father. Twain uses several variations of "beating" in "cowhide" and "licking."

Another important element is how Huck and his southern dialect change. When he is with Miss Watson and the widow, he writes/speaks (in diary-esque form) much clearer. When he returns to his lazy, vagabond life with his father, his tongue becomes a little lazier. Twain probably used this to express the change and impact that surroundings have on the education and development of a person.
Margaret Dillingham said…
In response to question six of the reading guide, Twain's style is satirical because he puts light in a dark room of subjects that people do not speak of often. He satirizes politics, church goers, and whites (southern aristocrats) and when he does so it helps the reader understand the bigoted way certain people think. An example being how the two families in a feud hold a rifle between their legs while the minister preaches about brotherly love. Twain's use of language lends criticism but not too harshly on the narrow minded which I believe can be considered romanticizing those he pokes fun at with the use of his wit and charm.


Twains use of irony is evident throughout the novel as well and is central to understadning the book. The irony is clearly seen in the feud between the two families. The human condition Twain is criticizing is hicks in the south and their unintelligent ways of going about a fight. Another example of irony would be in chapter twenty-four "sick arab-but harmless when not out of his head."
Kaitie said…
I'm not sure if there is any point in still writing on this blog. But, I was thinking about our discussion in class today about why Huck doesn't tell about what happened to Buck. And, I was thinking that maybe (I could be way off) another reason Twain had Huck refrain from telling the story because too see things that are that horrible and then tell about them you tend to lose your innocence and this story would just not be the same without the innocence that Huck brings when he narrates. Just a thought...

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